To determine whether the cells are non-Hodgkin's and, if so, which subtype, the pathologist may perform a variety of tests.
In flow cytometry, the cells from the biopsy are treated with lab-made antibodies that bind to specific proteins on the cell surface. These antibodies stick to different types of lymphoid cells, helping the pathologist to determine what subtype of NHL the patient has. The cells are then passed before a laser, which causes them to give off different wavelenghts of light. The results are analyzed by a computer.
In an immunohistochemistry analysis, the cells from the biopsy are treated with laboratory antibodies for proteins found on the cell surface and inside the lymphocytes. The biopsy tissue is treated with special substances that cause the cells to change color, which can be detected under a microscope.
The pathologist may examine the pairs of chromosomes (strings of DNA that contain genes) from the biopsied cells under a microscope. This is called cytogenic analysis. The cells are examined to see if chromosomal abnormalities exist. This information helps identify the specific type of lymphoma that is present and can help the doctor decide on a treatment plan.
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